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激光測距傳感器編程實戰，從原理到代碼解析

  • 時間：2024-06-26 12:34:37
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引言

隨(sui)著(zhu)科技的(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，激光測(ce)(ce)距(ju)傳感器(qi)(qi)已經成為(wei)了(le)許多(duo)領域的(de)(de)必備(bei)工具。它可以測(ce)(ce)量物體與傳感器(qi)(qi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)距(ju)離，為(wei)我們提供了(le)豐富的(de)(de)信息。本文將為(wei)您介紹激光測(ce)(ce)距(ju)傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)基本原理，并通過(guo)實際(ji)案例(li)演示如何(he)編寫代碼來實現對激光測(ce)(ce)距(ju)傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)功(gong)能控制。

一、激光測距傳感器基本原理

1. 工作原理

激(ji)光(guang)測距傳感(gan)器(qi)利用激(ji)光(guang)發(fa)射器(qi)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)激(ji)光(guang)束，經過物體(ti)反射后返回至傳感(gan)器(qi)，通過計(ji)算激(ji)光(guang)束往返時間(jian)，即可得到物體(ti)與傳感(gan)器(qi)之間(jian)的(de)距離。這(zhe)種方式具有(you)高(gao)精度(du)、抗干擾性強(qiang)等(deng)優點。

2. 工作流程

(1)激光(guang)發射器(qi)發出激光(guang)束；

(2)激(ji)光束遇到物體后發生(sheng)反射；

(3)激光束(shu)返(fan)回至傳感器；

(4)計算(suan)激光束往返(fan)時間，得到物體(ti)距離。

二(er)、編寫代碼實現激光測距功(gong)能

以(yi)Arduino平臺為例，我們可以(yi)使用(yong)HC-SR04無線(xian)超聲波模(mo)塊來實現激光(guang)測距功能(neng)。以(yi)下是一個簡單的示例代碼：

```cpp

#include

#include

#define TRIGGER_PIN 12 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define ECHO_PIN 11 // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in meters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500 meters.

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600); // Open serial monitor at 9600 bits per second for debugging.

}

void loop() {

delay(50); // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings. longest delay is about 120ms. Most UNO's can handle this rate nicely. But if you have an ARM Cortex-M3 or M4 processor with less than 224MHz of CPU speed it will take longer (up to 200ms). For more info see the NewPing documentation: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#delayBetweenPings

unsigned int uS = sonar.ping(); // Send ping, get ping time in microseconds (uS). Use delayMicroseconds to wait for the echo's duration in microseconds. The duration is always the same regardless of what frequency you send at. If you want to measure frequency try changing the speed of the motor on the trig pin (e.g. using a motor driver that lets you set it from 1Khz to 200Khz). This way you can compare the time it takes to bounce off obstacles at different frequencies. Note that you can also use a higher resolution timer like the hardware timer or one of the libraries designed for that purpose (TimerOne.h or NRF52TimeStamper).

//Serial.print("Ping time:"); Serial.println(uS/1000); // Convert microseconds to seconds and print result to serial monitor. See NewPing documentation for more details: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#pingUShortTimeInUS()

unsigned int distanceUinBytes = sonar.getDistanceUinBytes(); // get distance in cm from last ping by reading value from array sent by NewPing library when data is collected (see data array documentation for more details). The array is two bytes long and contains high byte first then low byte: //github.com/adafruit/NewPing/blob/master/README.md#dataarray

//Serial.print("Distance:"); Serial.print((distanceUinBytes*0.03937)/100); // Convert distance from centimeters to meters and print result to serial monitor. See NewPing documentation for more details: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#getDistanceUinBytes()

}

```

三、總結

您已經了(le)解了(le)激光測距傳感器的基本原理以及(ji)如(ru)何在(zai)Arduino平(ping)臺上編寫代碼(ma)實現(xian)其功能。在(zai)實際應(ying)用中，您可以根據(ju)需要對(dui)代碼(ma)進行修(xiu)改和優化(hua)，以滿(man)足不(bu)同(tong)的需求(qiu)。希望(wang)本文能對(dui)您的項(xiang)目有所幫(bang)助(zhu)！

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